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1784 |
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| South America & Caribbean:Events of this year in this region influencing Louisiana. | |||||||||||
| North America:Congress meeting in Annapolis. British transport last Acadians from Nova Scotia. Columbia College in New York. | |||||||||||
| Europe:Serfdom abolished in Denmark. Cotton exported to England. Benjamin Franklin describes bifocal lenses in France and presents idea of daylight savings time. Encyclopedia Britannica first published. Iron plow in England. Paintings by Goya and Jacques Louis David; music by Schiller, Beaumarchais, Mozart. | |||||||||||
January 1784
Spanish Officials: Alcaldes Ordinarios Primer -Francisco Maria de Reggio Segundo - Esteban Bore Sindico Procurador General Leonardo Mazange Mayordomo de Proprios Francisco Blanche. |
February 1784
In February, 1784 New Orleans celebrates the peace treaty between Spain and England. The Cabildo publishes the royal cedula announcing the peace and attends a soleum high mass, a traditional Te Deum and decrees the customary observance, illuminating the city for three nights. |
March 1784
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April 1784
April 23, 1784; The fugitive slave bandit Juan San Malo has become leader of fugitives at the settlement in the Land of Gaillarde in St. Bernard Parish. On this date the sindico procurador general complains of great harm , including the murder of eight whites by these bandits. April 29,1784; In a cabildo abierto planters present eleven articles regulating slave conduct. Soon after governor Estaban Rodriguez Miro issues his own decree to the colony that will go unchallenged for five years. The articles prohibit slaves from traveling without written permission from owners, denied the sale of liquor, gunpowder or shot to them, forbid them from using firearms, except when specifically permitted; forbade black assemblies without passes from owners, prohibited the hiring out of unskilled blacks, required blacks to carry certificates of their emancipation; prohibited citizens for giving horses to slaves and required owners to inspect for runaways among their own slaves. |
May 1784
In May 1784 the Cabildo issues a regulation that all livestock be branded. Governor Miro and the Cabildo issue new rules for slave conduct that will go unchallenged for five years. May and early June 1784 Francisco Bouligny is acting governor while Estaban Rodriguez Miro has been called away to Indian congresses in Pensacola and Mobile. The Cabildo presses Bouligny to send out expeditions to capture the San Malo gang. A week later the Cabildo complaint becomes shrill, claiming a slave insurrection was imminent. |
June 1784
June 7, 1784 San Malo and most of his lieutenants are captured. eventually more than one hundred cimarrones are caught and brought to New Orleans to stand before first alcalde ordinario Reggio. San Malo who has developed gangrene from a gunshot wound confesses to his crimes and coaxes his followers to confess. June 19, 1784 Renegade slave bandit Juan San Malo and three of his lieutenants are hanged in the Plaza de Arms for murdering whites and blacks. Others receive up to two hundred lashes, branding with an M for maroon and wearing shackles for months. |
July 1784
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August 1784
In August Alcalde Reggio sentences four more captured fugitives to death. Public executions were common in both French and Spanish New Orleans and provides another diversion for bored and isolated colonists. Military executions are less public. Stocks, which are also found in the plaza, provide an opportunity to humiliate lower class individuals for minor offenses. |
September 1784
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October 1784
In the fall of 1784 the Cabildo orders vendors who have not moved to the public market to cease operating on their own. Some vendors such as hunters and farmers and plantations who did not sell on a regular basis could still operate on the levee but were subject to inspection. |
November 1784
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December 1784
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In 1784 Santiago Bouligny dies. The former Attorney General, Alcalde and Mayor Provencial leaves a large legacy and descendents who are prominent in Louisiana for many years. An investigation into the actions of Bouligny and Reggio in the San Malo trial was conducted under Estaban Rodriguez Miro and Captain-General Galvez in Cuba. Galvez ruled that the Reggios’ court was not inferior to Miro’s as governor. Reggio was found to have acted properly. Galvez however told Miro that the Cabildo had acted improperly toward Cirilo de Barcelona over the church slave Baptiste. |
Charity Hospital is to be rebuilt (1784-1786) and supported by Don Andres Almonester y Roxas who asked the king to be appointed its patron and director. It is named the Hospice of St. Charles in honor of the King of Spain. The vicar general and governor Estaban Rodriguez Miro approve the plan. Almonester submits rules for management and the Council of the Indies approves them. The hospital is a controversy until Don Andres’ death in 1798. | Germans from Maryland settle near St. Gabriel, La. | After allowing them to enter Louisiana, governor Galvez decides in 1784 that Americans present a security risk. He closes the Mississippi River to American commerce. The Americans are making claims to territory that he had conquered. Americans can continue to enter the colony if they take an oath of loyalty to the king, becoming Spanish subjects. | In 1784 the Cabildo requires all carts to be licensed with a one peso fee with the license number be painted on the cart. With it is a regulation to repair all city streets quickly. |
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