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1697 |
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| South America & Caribbean:
Hispanola: After many years of French freebooters and adventurers taking up residence there Spain cedes western Hispanola to France as part of the Treaty of Ryswick. The Isle of Tortuga off the northern shore of western Hispanola is also ceded to France. During the 17th century the island has been the sanctuary of English, French and Dutch pirates who raid the gold and silver laden Spanish fleets. Since the very first arrival of slaves from Africa blacks and French whites marry and produce a new race of people they call gens de couleur or affranchis (freed men), who are generally called mulattoes in the Caribbean basin.Next Gold discovered inBrazil |
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| North America:Events in North America this year influencing Louisiana. | |||||||||||
| Europe: War of the League of Augsburg ends with the Treaty of Ryswick after 11 years; Russian czar Peter visits France and England incognito and will westernize Russia; France decides to colonize in West Africa; Daniel Defoe nonfiction; Mother Goose Tales by Frenchman based on actual events. | |||||||||||
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